Extracting Nexus resources?

Talk about the lesser known games "Theron's Quest" and "Dungeon Master Nexus".
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Gambit37
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Extracting Nexus resources?

Post by Gambit37 »

I'm curious about how one goes about extracting resources from data files of an unknown format?

I know that clever people (Christophe, Rain, Kentaro, Greatstone, George, Sophia, Paul S) have worked very hard to decode and understand the file formats of the other DM games and have built some great tools to allow us mortals to extract and manipulate those resources.

No-one has tackled this for Nexus as far as I'm aware. I'm not a programmer and I don't have that kind of mind, so I'm kind of assuming it's beyond me -- I wouldn't know where to start. Is it possible for mere mortals like me to do this, or does it need to be done by one of the afore-mentioned super brains?
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Re: Extracting Nexus resources?

Post by Mystic_Unicorn »

HMmm interesting idea. I looked into ITEM.IBS file and found something like this:

http://img683.imageshack.us/img683/4681 ... ard01y.png

it is programmed in five minutes, only for translation of hexa numbers into color.
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Re: Extracting Nexus resources?

Post by Gambit37 »

Oh, interesting! So the file wasn't compressed, you could read the image data directly?
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Re: Extracting Nexus resources?

Post by Mystic_Unicorn »

I do not have pallete info. Gfx of items on ground is here as well.
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Re: Extracting Nexus resources?

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Re: Extracting Nexus resources?

Post by ChristopheF »

This is not an easy task. Very slow and tedious, and without any guaranteed result. But very gratifying when you find something!

There are many ways to start and not all of them will always lead to interesting results.

- You must know what you are looking for (images, sounds, color palettes, maps of levels)

- You may study the hardware platform to know the raw formats used for the items you are looking for.
For example, when I searched data in the Super NES ROM of Dungeon Master, I read lots of technical documentation explaining how the video was managed: the fact that it uses tile based graphics, the possible sizes of tiles, the fact that tile graphics are stored in a particular planar mode, the format of color palettes.
There are tools available that can display the content of any file so you can visually search for tiles, encoded in many various ways (lots of bitmap and planar variations).
Once I identified a set of tiles (grouped together), I knew I have to find a 'tilemap' which instructs which tiles should be assembled to form an image. Hopefully, viewing the tiles you can recognize an in-game image, you make a screenshot of that image and start using the tiles in the tile set as a puzzle: build the list of tile indices that will form the complete image (you only need a small part of the image usually). Then you can search for the list of indices in the raw file data, encoded as bytes, or words, little endian or big endians, etc. (you need to write a custom program for these kind of searches, and this example is included in SCK). This is how we found most of the tilemaps. When you have several matches, you have to try each candidate tilemap to check which one is the correct one.

- You can search for already know patterns of data: does the dungeon data have the same format in DM SNES than in other version? You then search in the ROM for some dungeon byte sequence and bingo! the dungeon is there. But this does not work for Theron's Quest... the dungeon data does not have the same format. Only some parts can be found.

- You can disassemble the program to see how it manipulates the data. This requires skills but produces the best results of course. This is often necessary to understand compression or encryption algorithms.

- You can inspect file contents with a Hex editor and see if you can spot interesting things like:
- Text strings that may help you identify the content
- Patterns: some repetivite byte sequences or structures
- With an experienced look, you can sometimes spot uncompressed graphics directly in the hex editor (much like in the Matrix movie: the heroes can see things on the screens, but you can only see green scrolling symbols!). For example, I remember finding the picture of the Axe in the ROM of Theron's Quest and that was the start of my study to find and extract some other uncompressed graphics (this is now included in sck). Using a hex editor where you can adjust the width (number of bytes) of the view helps a lot here.

When you have spotted some interesting patterns or structures, you can start looking at headers that often contain offets and sizes. Use these to see if you can find file sizes, block sizes, block offsets.


I did some very early research on DM Nexus files a long time ago but did not spent much time on it. I did not extract anything and only identified some structures in some files by looking at them in a hex editor.
I have uploaded my notes here:
http://dmweb.free.fr/Stuff/DMNFiles.xlsx
http://dmweb.free.fr/Stuff/DMNNotes.txt
But I don't think this will help you much :) If anyone want to continue research though, it would be cool to extract bitmaps, textures, sounds. Extracting level maps (there is an automap feature in the game) would also be nice and they do not seem to be very hard to understand as they seem to be stored uncompressed.
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Re: Extracting Nexus resources?

Post by Gambit37 »

As I thought, it requires a super-brain, and I don't have one of those! ;-)

Thanks for the insights -- this is definitely something I would not have the patience for!
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Re: Extracting Nexus resources?

Post by Mystic_Unicorn »

Here is another file: http://img294.imageshack.us/img294/1100 ... ard04o.png (LOGOBG.DG2) also uncompressed....palette remains
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Re: Extracting Nexus resources?

Post by ChristopheF »

Searching the net, I found this archive: http://www.megaupload.com/?d=EEVJ74XR
It contains lots of technical documentation about the Sega Saturn. The file "Saturn32X Graphics References ver 2.0.pdf" explains the format "DGT2" that is used in some DM Nexus files, and the format of color palettes.
I think all this documentation will help a lot in extracting data! Maybe we can even hope to extract the 3D models used in the game.
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Re: Extracting Nexus resources?

Post by Mystic_Unicorn »

Ill check it out.
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Re: Extracting Nexus resources?

Post by Mystic_Unicorn »

So i move a little bit....those references from Christopher were very usefull:

http://img442.imageshack.us/img442/7978 ... ard05r.png
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Re: Extracting Nexus resources?

Post by zoom »

this looks much better : )
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Re: Extracting Nexus resources?

Post by greatstone »

Mmmmmmm... what an interesting discussion :)
It sounds like a challenge. I am trying to put all DM2 formats in the sck right now, but there is nothing in the dark in such task as all formats are very well documented (Christophe, Kentaro).
Nexus was also on my mind months (years? man, years? really? I spent already years on these... obsolete things?) ago.
We managed to get our hands on the commercial VHS on Nexus in the beginning of this year, and it was also a source of motivation.

It is possible to share the progress of every interested people, if any, on a collaborative wiki? to accelerate the team work?

Let's have a look on the Saturn documentation!
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Re: Extracting Nexus resources?

Post by Mystic_Unicorn »

greatstone wrote:Mmmmmmm... what an interesting discussion :)
It is possible to share the progress of every interested people, if any, on a collaborative wiki? to accelerate the team work?
I do not have problem with sharing anything. Code for reading file mentioned above is here:
http://alric.dnh.sk/deepcave/HexaDisplay.zip

it is only basics and ill improve that class later.
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Re: Extracting Nexus resources?

Post by ChristopheF »

Gambit, you definitely sparked interest again with your question :)

I managed to extract the maps of all the levels from the SMPAxx.BIN files on the Nexus CD-ROM: http://dmweb.free.fr/?q=node/1446
Here is the quick and dirty (and slow) script that I used: http://dmweb.free.fr/Stuff/SMAPxx.BINDecoder.vbs

[Update 2020-05-21] Check http://dmweb.free.fr/?q=node/1593 for the latest version of the script
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Re: Extracting Nexus resources?

Post by Gambit37 »

@Mystic Unicorn: Cool work! :)
greatstone wrote:We managed to get our hands on the commercial VHS on Nexus in the beginning of this year, and it was also a source of motivation.
Ooooooh, I've not heard of this! What does it contain?
ChristopheF wrote:Gambit, you definitely sparked interest again with your question :)
Yes, that was very cool -- I don't have the skills to do this kind of work, so I'm very excited if others want to take up the challenge! ;-)
ChristopheF wrote:I managed to extract the maps of all the levels from the SMPAxx.BIN files on the Nexus CD-ROM: http://dmweb.free.fr/?q=node/1446
Wow, very, very cool! When I played the game on emaulator years ago, I took lots of screen shots of the automap and pieced them together in Photoshop so that I could use them to redraw the maps properly. Unfortunately, I lost those files, so these new maps are an excellent source. Thanks you, thank you. :)
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Re: Extracting Nexus resources?

Post by ChristopheF »

For the VHS have a look at the bottom of this page: http://dmweb.free.fr/?q=node/251
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Re: Extracting Nexus resources?

Post by ChristopheF »

Here is another script that can extract images from the files listed below: http://dmweb.free.fr/Stuff/RESDecoder.vbs
[Update 2020-05-21] Check http://dmweb.free.fr/?q=node/1593 for the latest version of the script
(note that some of these files contain other items that are not extracted)

GAMEOVER.BIN
POTEFT.BIN
RHIFIX.BIN
RLOWFIX.BIN
TITLE.BIN
WARNING.BIN
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Re: Extracting Nexus resources?

Post by Mystic_Unicorn »

Christophe. Do u have any other knoledge about: ITEM.IBS?

So far i managed to come with this:

i1 header (2 bytes)
2bytes - number of referenced items. (F3)
2bytes offset of first item


offset 3000 - ?????
offset 7FA - structure field 40Bytes each structure(0x28) - 2DF1


3408 first item
$800
00 0301021212000003000000000000002900003200B2FFFF000000010002FFFFFFFF000000000000
01 0301021212000003000000000000002900003200AAFFFF000300040002FFFFFFFF000000000000
02 0301021212000003000000000000002900003200ABFFFF000500060002FFFFFFFF000000000000
03 0301021212000003000000000000002900003200ACFFFF000700080002FFFFFFFF000000000000
04 0301021212000003000000000000002900003200ADFFFF0009000A0002FFFFFFFF000000000000
05 0301021212000003000000000000002900003200B0FFFF000B000C0002FFFFFFFF000000000000
....
EB 0400020D0D0000010000000000000000000023006FFFFF01B801BCFFFFFFFFFFFF000000000000
EC 0400020D0D0000010000000000000000000023006FFFFF01B801BDFFFFFFFFFFFF000000000000
ED 0400020D0D0000010000000000000000000023006FFFFF01B801BEFFFFFFFFFFFF000000000000
EE 0400020D0D0000010000000000000000000023006FFFFF01B801BFFFFFFFFFFFFF000000000000
EF 0400020D0D0000010000000000000000000023006FFFFF01B8FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF000000000000
F0 0400020D0D0000010000000000000000000023006FFFFF01B8FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF000000000000
F1 0400020D0D0000010000000000000000000023006FFFFF01B8FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF000000000000
F2 0400020D0D0000010000000000000000000023006FFFFF01B801C0FFFFFFFFFFFF000000000000

structure ends 2DF8
1 byte - id 0s

na A7FF next table 20bytes each ... ends on C23F
0000080008001000100000000008B80000089800
0100080008002000200000000009380000000000
020008000800300030000000000B380000000000
030008000800300030000000000FB80000000000
0400080009004800110000000014580000143800
050008000A003000300000000016DC000016BC00
060008000A00300030000000001B5C0000000000
...
D1B80000D198FFFF0000000000000000000000
D238000000008200C210A108E318A94AFFFFCFF
FAEFF9A3FD2949D7890CF98C6CFFFBDEFDAD600000002E00200000000139933339000001939093333910009913636663399100993656555566310

....
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Re: Extracting Nexus resources?

Post by Gambit37 »

Very cool work, Christophe :)
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Re: Extracting Nexus resources?

Post by ChristopheF »

I have posted my progress on ITEM.IBS here: http://dmweb.free.fr/?q=node/1450
There is a script to extract all images ;) but there is still some unknown data in the file.
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Re: Extracting Nexus resources?

Post by ChristopheF »

After one month of hard work on extracting DM Nexus resources, the result is the following script (it combines and extends all previous scripts posted here):
http://dmweb.free.fr/Stuff/DMNDataFileDecoder.vbs
[Update 2020-05-21] Check http://dmweb.free.fr/?q=node/1593 for the latest version of the script

I have searched and analyzed all data files and I think the script will extract all possible images and sound effects from them.
There may be a few more images hidden in the executable files as I have not looked into them thoroughly.
There are also some other things not yet decoded (like texts). 3D models (dungeon & creatures) are also not decoded, although their textures are.

You must run the script with a command line parameter specifying the path to a folder containing all Dungeon Master Nexus files.
Files are extracted in subfolders created in the same location as the script itself.
The easiest way to run the script is to open a Windows Explorer window and then drag and drop the folder containing the DMN files onto the script file.
Do no drag and drop a single data file onto the script, this will NOT work.
Extraction will take several minutes (3 minutes on my computer).
Enjoy!
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Re: Extracting Nexus resources?

Post by Gambit37 »

Oh my goodness! You got nearly everything, including the portriats and wall textures! Christophe, you are a complete genius! I can't thank you enough! :-)

Wow, it's very interesting to see all this data. I'm surprised that the textures are such low resolution -- just 32x32 for each small monster piece! I'm sure I can do something useful with all this :)
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Re: Extracting Nexus resources?

Post by ChristopheF »

Indeed the textures are quite small which explains the pixelated look of the game. In 1998, 3D was not what it is today!
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Re: Extracting Nexus resources?

Post by Sophia »

Particularly since it was running on a console that came out in 1995, when 3D wasn't even what it was in 1998. ;)
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Re: Extracting Nexus resources?

Post by Lunever »

Christophe: Here are the item screenshots you asked me for:

http://dmweb.free.fr/Stuff/DMNScreenshots/RaKeyG.jpg
http://dmweb.free.fr/Stuff/DMNScreensho ... sFootG.jpg
http://dmweb.free.fr/Stuff/DMNScreensho ... rCoinG.jpg
http://dmweb.free.fr/Stuff/DMNScreensho ... rCoinA.jpg
http://dmweb.free.fr/Stuff/DMNScreensho ... xBlueG.jpg
http://dmweb.free.fr/Stuff/DMNScreensho ... xBlueA.jpg
http://dmweb.free.fr/Stuff/DMNScreensho ... GreenG.jpg
http://dmweb.free.fr/Stuff/DMNScreensho ... GreenA.jpg
http://dmweb.free.fr/Stuff/DMNScreenshots/CloakG.jpg
http://dmweb.free.fr/Stuff/DMNScreenshots/Amulett1G.jpg
http://dmweb.free.fr/Stuff/DMNScreenshots/CrownG.jpg
http://dmweb.free.fr/Stuff/DMNScreensho ... rHelmG.jpg
http://dmweb.free.fr/Stuff/DMNScreenshots/BasinetG.jpg
http://dmweb.free.fr/Stuff/DMNScreensho ... nCoifG.jpg
http://dmweb.free.fr/Stuff/DMNScreenshots/SandalsG.jpg
http://dmweb.free.fr/Stuff/DMNScreenshots/BootsG.jpg
http://dmweb.free.fr/Stuff/DMNScreensho ... BootsG.jpg
http://dmweb.free.fr/Stuff/DMNScreensho ... plateG.jpg
http://dmweb.free.fr/Stuff/DMNScreenshots/TabbardG.jpg
http://dmweb.free.fr/Stuff/DMNScreenshots/GunnaG.jpg
http://dmweb.free.fr/Stuff/DMNScreensho ... usersG.jpg
http://dmweb.free.fr/Stuff/DMNScreensho ... PantsG.jpg
http://dmweb.free.fr/Stuff/DMNScreenshots/LegMailG.jpg
http://dmweb.free.fr/Stuff/DMNScreensho ... lMailG.jpg
http://dmweb.free.fr/Stuff/DMNScreenshots/KirtleG.jpg
http://dmweb.free.fr/Stuff/DMNScreenshots/TunicG.jpg
http://dmweb.free.fr/Stuff/DMNScreenshots/GhiG.jpg
http://dmweb.free.fr/Stuff/DMNScreensho ... ubletG.jpg
http://dmweb.free.fr/Stuff/DMNScreensho ... erkinG.jpg
http://dmweb.free.fr/Stuff/DMNScreensho ... ketonG.jpg
http://dmweb.free.fr/Stuff/DMNScreensho ... Aketon.jpg
http://dmweb.free.fr/Stuff/DMNScreenshots/CheeseG.jpg
http://dmweb.free.fr/Stuff/DMNScreensho ... stickG.jpg
http://dmweb.free.fr/Stuff/DMNScreensho ... steakG.jpg
http://dmweb.free.fr/Stuff/DMNScreensho ... SliceG.jpg
http://dmweb.free.fr/Stuff/DMNScreensho ... rSkinG.jpg
http://dmweb.free.fr/Stuff/DMNScreensho ... FlaskG.jpg
http://dmweb.free.fr/Stuff/DMNScreensho ... FlaskA.jpg

to be continued
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Re: Extracting Nexus resources?

Post by Lunever »

http://dmweb.free.fr/Stuff/DMNScreensho ... otionG.jpg
http://dmweb.free.fr/Stuff/DMNScreenshots/MaPotionA.jpg
http://dmweb.free.fr/Stuff/DMNScreensho ... otionG.jpg
http://dmweb.free.fr/Stuff/DMNScreensho ... otionA.jpg
http://dmweb.free.fr/Stuff/DMNScreenshots/ArrowG.jpg
http://dmweb.free.fr/Stuff/DMNScreenshots/ArrowA.jpg
http://dmweb.free.fr/Stuff/DMNScreenshots/AxeG.jpg
http://dmweb.free.fr/Stuff/DMNScreenshots/AxeA.jpg
http://dmweb.free.fr/Stuff/DMNScreenshots/BowG.jpg
http://dmweb.free.fr/Stuff/DMNScreenshots/BowA.jpg
http://dmweb.free.fr/Stuff/DMNScreenshots/BucklerG.jpg
http://dmweb.free.fr/Stuff/DMNScreenshots/BucklerA.jpg
http://dmweb.free.fr/Stuff/DMNScreenshots/ClubG.jpg
http://dmweb.free.fr/Stuff/DMNScreenshots/ClubA.jpg
http://dmweb.free.fr/Stuff/DMNScreenshots/CrossbowG.jpg
http://dmweb.free.fr/Stuff/DMNScreenshots/CrossbowA.jpg
http://dmweb.free.fr/Stuff/DMNScreenshots/DaggerG.jpg
http://dmweb.free.fr/Stuff/DMNScreenshots/DaggerA.jpg
http://dmweb.free.fr/Stuff/DMNScreensho ... FlaskG.jpg
http://dmweb.free.fr/Stuff/DMNScreensho ... FlaskA.jpg
http://dmweb.free.fr/Stuff/DMNScreenshots/FalchionG.jpg
http://dmweb.free.fr/Stuff/DMNScreenshots/FalchionA.jpg
http://dmweb.free.fr/Stuff/DMNScreenshots/FulBombG.jpg
http://dmweb.free.fr/Stuff/DMNScreenshots/Ful-BombA.jpg
http://dmweb.free.fr/Stuff/DMNScreensho ... leaveG.jpg
http://dmweb.free.fr/Stuff/DMNScreensho ... aveA12.jpg
http://dmweb.free.fr/Stuff/DMNScreensho ... fFearG.jpg
http://dmweb.free.fr/Stuff/DMNScreensho ... fFearA.jpg
http://dmweb.free.fr/Stuff/DMNScreensho ... sitorG.jpg
http://dmweb.free.fr/Stuff/DMNScreensho ... sitorA.jpg
http://dmweb.free.fr/Stuff/DMNScreensho ... hieldG.jpg
http://dmweb.free.fr/Stuff/DMNScreensho ... hieldA.jpg
http://dmweb.free.fr/Stuff/DMNScreenshots/MaceG.jpg
http://dmweb.free.fr/Stuff/DMNScreenshots/MaceA.jpg
http://dmweb.free.fr/Stuff/DMNScreenshots/RapierG.jpg
http://dmweb.free.fr/Stuff/DMNScreenshots/RapierA.jpg
http://dmweb.free.fr/Stuff/DMNScreenshots/RockG.jpg
http://dmweb.free.fr/Stuff/DMNScreenshots/RockA.jpg
http://dmweb.free.fr/Stuff/DMNScreenshots/SabreG.jpg
http://dmweb.free.fr/Stuff/DMNScreenshots/SabreA.jpg
http://dmweb.free.fr/Stuff/DMNScreensho ... ofLyfG.jpg
http://dmweb.free.fr/Stuff/DMNScreensho ... ofLyfA.jpg
http://dmweb.free.fr/Stuff/DMNScreenshots/ShieldG.jpg
http://dmweb.free.fr/Stuff/DMNScreenshots/ShieldA.jpg
http://dmweb.free.fr/Stuff/DMNScreenshots/SlayerG.jpg
http://dmweb.free.fr/Stuff/DMNScreenshots/SlayerA.jpg
http://dmweb.free.fr/Stuff/DMNScreenshots/SpeedbowG.jpg
http://dmweb.free.fr/Stuff/DMNScreenshots/SpeedbowA.jpg
http://dmweb.free.fr/Stuff/DMNScreenshots/Staff1G.jpg
http://dmweb.free.fr/Stuff/DMNScreenshots/Staff1A.jpg
http://dmweb.free.fr/Stuff/DMNScreenshots/StaffG.jpg
http://dmweb.free.fr/Stuff/DMNScreenshots/StaffA.jpg
http://dmweb.free.fr/Stuff/DMNScreensho ... ClawsG.jpg
http://dmweb.free.fr/Stuff/DMNScreensho ... ClawsA.jpg
http://dmweb.free.fr/Stuff/DMNScreensho ... ManarG.jpg
http://dmweb.free.fr/Stuff/DMNScreensho ... ManarA.jpg
http://dmweb.free.fr/Stuff/DMNScreenshots/TheowandG.jpg
http://dmweb.free.fr/Stuff/DMNScreenshots/TheoWandA.jpg
http://dmweb.free.fr/Stuff/DMNScreensho ... gStarG.jpg
http://dmweb.free.fr/Stuff/DMNScreensho ... gStarA.jpg
http://dmweb.free.fr/Stuff/DMNScreenshots/TorchG.jpg
http://dmweb.free.fr/Stuff/DMNScreenshots/TorchA.jpg
http://dmweb.free.fr/Stuff/DMNScreenshots/VenBombG.jpg
http://dmweb.free.fr/Stuff/DMNScreenshots/Ven-BombA.jpg
http://dmweb.free.fr/Stuff/DMNScreensho ... BladeG.jpg
http://dmweb.free.fr/Stuff/DMNScreensho ... BladeA.jpg
http://dmweb.free.fr/Stuff/DMNScreenshots/WandG.jpg
http://dmweb.free.fr/Stuff/DMNScreenshots/WandA.jpg
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Re: Extracting Nexus resources?

Post by kentaro-k.21 »

Wow.
It might have been very tough work to list up so many items!
by the way, someone happy? if their messages are identified like following types?
I'm curious to help you.

http://dmweb.free.fr/Stuff/DMNScreenshots/RaKeyG.jpg
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http://dmweb.free.fr/Stuff/DMNScreenshots/WandA.jpg
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Re: Extracting Nexus resources?

Post by ChristopheF »

Kentaro, your help is quite welcome!
I am working on extracting all text from the data file, I know I can do it now. The encoding is really more complex than necessary, so I still have some more study to do and then I will be able to output all texts as images (using the in-game fonts). For item strings (item name, description, L1 action, L2 action, L3 action) I will also be able to associate the strings with their respective items (item image, item weight, ...).

However, in order to extract the text as real text, and not images, I need to match each character in the fonts to their corresponding character in UTF8 encoding.
Have a look here:
http://dmweb.free.fr/Stuff/DMNFonts/FONT0.htm
http://dmweb.free.fr/Stuff/DMNFonts/FONT1.htm
http://dmweb.free.fr/Stuff/DMNFonts/FONT2.htm

For FONT0 and FONT1, I think I already have all characters identified but can you check if I didn't make any mistake?
For FONT2 (kanjis) I have only identified a few simple characters and I know I won't be able to complete this font. Because of the low resolution of the font (12x12 pixels) some kanjis are hard to read! It will certainly be easier for you to guess which is which.
It would a tremendous help if you could you save the FONT2.htm web page on your computer, and type all kanjis as text beside each character image.
If you can complete this page, I will be able to extract all text as real texts, and then the translation work will be easier.
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Re: Extracting Nexus resources?

Post by zoom »

this is all very great. just wanted to support you with words! finally nexus items + x will be seen on ency, cool
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